Literature Review Online Billing System - 2922 Words

CDMA BY OKAFOR CHIDUBEM KELVIN 10690152 A SEMINAR REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE MOSHOOD ABIOLA POLYTECHNIC,ABEOKUTA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER SCIENCE NOVEMBER, 2012 CHAPTER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION Mobile communications are rapidly becoming more and more necessary for everyday activities. With so many more users to accommodate, more efficient use of bandwidth is a priority among cellular phone system operators. Equally important is the security and reliability of these calls. One solution that has been offered is a CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS SYSTEM. CDMA is one method for implementing a multiple access communication†¦show more content†¦These systems use digital modulation and processing techniques. TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) and (narrowband) CDMA belong to the second generation systems. CDMA was introduced in 1994, by Qualcomm, Inc. Using direct sequence code division multiple access, it claimed to provide 10 times more capacity than analog systems ï ¿ ½ far more than TDMA or GSM. Today, CDMA is the basis to the third generation market in the United States and other places in the world. 2.2 Background A cellular system is called so because it divides the service area into small transmission areas called cells. Each cell contains a base station (BTS), which consists of a transceiver and a receiver in order to connect to mobile phones in the cell. Each cell is assigned a group of radio channels (frequencies). 3 2.3 The Cellular Challenge The worlds first cellular networks were introduced in the early 1980s, using analog radio transmission technologies such as AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System). Within a few years, cellular systems began to hit a capacity ceiling as millions of new subscribers signed up for service, demanding more and more airtime. Dropped calls and network busy signals became common in many areas. To accommodate more traffic within a limited amount of radio spectrum, theShow MoreRelatedOrdering System Documentation1076 Words   |  5 PagesBASC UNIFORM AND ORDERING SYSTEM CHAPTER 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.1 Overview of the current state of the technology Nowadays, machines replace the work intended for humans primarily to lessen man power and also to eliminate human error. During the latest decade there has been a quick development in companies’ use of information technology. This creates a great demand to centralize and has a well-developed internal organization to handle the administration support/service and to provide theRead MoreSchool Billing System3634 Words   |  15 PagesBilling System Student Online Accounts Inquiry Chapter 1 The Problem Rationale In our generation so many things are different. The advent of technology has changed the way we live, work and spends leisure time. Computer was considered the lifeblood of society; they are everywhere. And the advancement in discoveries, both in hardware and software, keep coming, day in and day out. Technology changes and improves at a rapid pace and companies and institutions have cope with it. This is becauseRead MoreUsing The Conventional Shopping Processes1267 Words   |  6 Pageschange that by making the shopping at a store and maintaining a warehouse easy through Near Field Communication. The system that we are going to implement cuts down the costs of maintaining a product serial number based database and most importantly saves time in the checkout process and hence an expanding customer base for the store that it is implemented in. We intend to make the system as intuitive as possible so that it can be easily used by people who are not very technologically aware. We haveR ead MoreOnline Shopping Habits1389 Words   |  6 Pages REVIEW OF LITERATURE ONLINE SHOPPING Online shopping or online retailing is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. Alternative names are: e-shop, e-store, Internet shop, web-shop, web-store, online store, and virtual store. An online shop evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or shoppingRead MoreLan-Based Reservation System for Hacienda Gracia Resort and Hotel11674 Words   |  47 Pages1 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The world is continuously changing towards the advent of a high-technological lifestyle. That is why, man’s satisfaction level gets higher, as it experiences the convenience brought by automation. From here, the researchers strive to discover and search for more effective ways on how man can conveniently live their lives. Technology such as the use of computers and networking are some discovered means to lightenRead MoreBilling System1940 Words   |  8 Pagesprocessing systems have become computerized for greater ease and accuracy. A billing system is a combination of software and hardware that receives call detail and service usage information, groups this information for specific accounts or customers, produces invoices, creates reports for management, and records (posts) payments made to customer accounts. The billing system also receives CDRs from other carriers (such as a long distance service provider). The billing system then guides the billing recordsRead MoreUsing Technology For Managers ( Adm 310-01a )1345 Words   |  6 Pagesoff when you are finished using the machine. It is proper behavior to follow these guidelines. You should follow this rule especially if you are at work using a work system. Following this rule will allow you to be the only one who knows your password and not allow the other person to know it. This can also prevent your work system from being hacked or destroyed by someone utilizing your computer with your password. HIPAA contains the federal protection of personal health records and how thoseRead MoreAssignment #1 Health Information1661 Words   |  7 Pagesorganization that delivers care, such as a hospital and doctor s surgery. Electronic medical records tend to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allows storage, retrieval and modification of records. EMR software would allow us to meet our goal of having a completely paperless medical record. With an EMR system from EMR Experts, your medical practice or hospital will be able to store patient records, medical histories, and prescription information digitally. With a fastRead MoreEducational Needs Assessment Annotated Bibliography1697 Words   |  7 Pagesusual practice and prevention of deep tissue injuries. It gives an in depth explanation on the methods and assessment tools used for nursing education and testing of knowledge learned during the study. Billings, J.R., Crowley, S. (2008). Approaches to community needs assessment: a literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22(4), 721-730. This article sets out to explore, define and critically analyze the various approaches to community needs assessment, to facilitate a greater understandingRead MoreImportance Of Information Technology And The Healthcare Industry1452 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment and the need for quality health care in the health sector. Information Technology systems are available in different technologically advanced devices which help deliver important information to users who in turn, use this information to make crucial decision regarding the operations of their organization. This Information Technology can come in the form of computers, robots, sensors, and decision support systems which are used to facilitate the quality of care offered in the health care field The